The Theory of Photography

The Theory of Photography: Awareness, Research and Resources

“For me, the camera is a sketch book, an instrument of intuition and spontaneity.”

― Henri Cartier-Bresson

Colour Theory for Photographers

Contemporary Photography Research

Theory of Photography Research

Vernon Chalmers Conscious Intelligence Theory Index

The Theory of Photography (Photographers)

Photography theory is a fascinating field that delves into the essence of the medium. Let’s explore some key perspectives:

• John Szarkowski: As a curator at the Museum of Modern Art, Szarkowski significantly shaped photography’s identity in the art world. He emphasized photographers’ awareness of inherent characteristics and challenges within the medium. His work extended Modernist ideas to photography, emphasizing self-critique and competence1.

• Susan Sontag: A cultural critic, Sontag explored photography’s impact on our perception of reality. Her book “On Photography” delves into topics like the ethics of capturing certain moments and the role of photographs in art and memory.

• Roland Barthes: A literary theorist, Barthes dissected photography’s semiotics. His essay “Camera Lucida” explores the emotional impact of certain photographs, emphasizing the “punctum” – that elusive detail that resonates with viewers.

Remember, each theorist offers a unique lens through which we can appreciate and understand photography. 2 1 3 4

Theory of Photography

"The theory of photography encompasses a wide range of concepts and principles related to the art and science of capturing and reproducing images using light. It involves the study of both the technical aspects of photography and its artistic and creative elements. Here are some key elements of the theory of photography:

1. Light and Optics: Photography is fundamentally about capturing light. Understanding how light behaves, including concepts like reflection, refraction, and the electromagnetic spectrum, is crucial for photographers. This knowledge helps in manipulating light to create desired effects in photographs.

2. Camera Operation: Understanding how a camera works is essential. This includes knowledge about the camera's various components, such as the lens, aperture, shutter speed, and sensor, and how they interact to control exposure, depth of field, and motion blur.

3. Exposure: Exposure is one of the most critical aspects of photography. It involves controlling the amount of light that reaches the camera's sensor or film to create a well-exposed image. Factors like aperture, shutter speed, and ISO sensitivity play a significant role in achieving proper exposure.

4. Composition: Composition refers to the arrangement of elements within a photograph. The theory of photography includes principles like the rule of thirds, leading lines, symmetry, balance, and framing. These principles guide photographers in creating visually appealing and meaningful images.

5. Color Theory: Understanding color theory helps photographers make informed decisions about color palettes, contrast, and the emotional impact of colors in their photographs.

6. Depth of Field: Depth of field refers to the range of distances in a photograph that appears acceptably sharp. Photographers use aperture settings to control depth of field, which can influence the composition and storytelling in an image.

7. Camera Types and Formats: Different types of cameras (e.g., DSLR, mirrorless, film, smartphone) and formats (e.g., 35mm, medium format) have their characteristics and advantages. Knowing how to choose the right equipment for a given situation is an important aspect of photography theory.

8. History and Evolution: Understanding the history of photography and the evolution of photographic technology can provide insights into contemporary practices and trends in the field.

9. Photographic Genres: Photography encompasses various genres, including portrait, landscape, street, documentary, wildlife, and more. Each genre has its own set of techniques and considerations.

10. Post-Processing: Modern photography often involves post-processing using software like Adobe Photoshop or Lightroom. Knowledge of post-processing techniques such as color correction, retouching, and compositing is part of photography theory.

11. Ethical and Legal Considerations: Photographers must be aware of ethical issues related to privacy, consent, and representation. They should also understand copyright and licensing laws related to their work.

12. Artistic Expression: Beyond the technical aspects, photography theory delves into the realm of artistic expression. It encourages photographers to develop their unique style and vision, using photography as a medium for creative storytelling and self-expression.

Photography theory is a dynamic field that continues to evolve with advancements in technology and changes in artistic trends. It provides a foundation for photographers to master their craft and push the boundaries of what is possible in visual storytelling." (Source: Chat GPT 2023)

Theory of Contemporary Photography

"Contemporary Photography is a fascinating field that has evolved significantly over time. Let’s delve into it:

Definition and Approach

• Contemporary Photography is often described as photography “about” something rather than “of” something. In other words, it’s an approach to photography that emphasizes conveying ideas, concepts, or arguments visually 1.
  
  
• Unlike a specific style or genre, it’s more about the intention behind the images and the questions they raise. It can be seen as an exploration of “why” rather than just “what.”

RPS Distinctions

• The Royal Photographic Society (RPS) defines Contemporary Photography as communicating a visual realization of a stated argument, idea, or concept 1.
  
  
• This definition suggests that it goes beyond mere aesthetics and delves into deeper meanings.

Key Topics and Debates

Contemporary Photography intersects with critical debates in fine art photography. Some key areas include:

• Identity: Exploring how photography reflects and shapes identity.
• Place and Landscape: Examining the significance of location and environment.
• Politics of Representation: Analyzing how images convey power dynamics and social narratives.
• Psychoanalysis: Investigating the subconscious and emotional aspects of photography.
• Events: Capturing moments that transcend the surface level 2 3.

Contemporary Photography is a dynamic field that invites exploration, questioning, and conceptual depth." (Source: Microsoft Copilot"

Theory of Photography Article / Research Links

Applying Intuition during Action Photography Vernon Chalmers Photography

Basic Critical Theory for Photographers Free PDF Download Academia
Baudrillard’s Photographic Theory International Journal of Baudrillard Studies

Benefits of Using Auto-ISO on Canon EOS Cameras Vernon Chalmers Photography

Brief History of Photography and Photojournalism North Dakota State University

Color Theory for Photographers Kolari

Color Theory for Photographers: An Introduction C.London

Color Theory Photography Guide Dave Morrow Photography

Contemporary Photography Practice: expanded methodology and critical ways of thinking PDF Download DatJournal

Conservation Photography and Photojournalism: Using your Photography for Environmental Conservation Adobe

Five Fundamental Compositional Theories You Should Master Today SLR Lounge

Five Photography Theory Books Worth Reading Widewalls

Formal Visual Analysis: The Elements & Principles of Composition The Kennedy Center

Photographic Portraits: Narrative and Memory Forum: Qualitative Social Research

Psychological Influence on Vernon Chalmers Photography Vernon Chalmers Photography

Getting Started with Photo Theory: Szarkowski, Sontag, and Barthes B&H Photo and Electronics

Harness The Power of Gestalt Theory in Photography The Lens Lounge

How To Use Gestalt Theory For Better Composition The Creative Photographer

Hunters and Gatherers of Pictures: Why Photography Has Become a Human Universal NIH

Importance of Photography Theory in Education Creative Hut Institute of Photography

Learning to Do Historical Research: Sources Photographic Images William Cronon

Mental Health and Photography Mental Health and Motivation

Mindful Photography: 11 Therapeutic Ways to Use Your Camera Positive Psychology

Photographic History and Theory: Analytical Essay Edubirdie

Photography Theory PDF Download Edited by James Elkins University College Cork

Photography Theory Photocritic Photo School

Photography Theory and Existential Motivation Vernon Chalmers Photography

Photography Theory and Practice – A Collaborative Project 35mmc

Photography as Theory in Action ResearchGateReading and Researching Photographs PDF Download Helena Zinkham Library of Congress

Seven Gestalt principles of Visual Perception User Testing

Science & Photography The Royal Photographic Society

Shutter Speed Settings on Canon EOS Cameras Vernon Chalmers Photography

Social Theory, Photography and the Visual Aesthetic of Cultural Modernity Sage Journals

Start Using Composition Theory in Your Photography Instead of Composition Rules FStoppers

Studies in Theory and History of Photography Walter de Gruyter

Teaching Photography Theory to Art Students: Three Case Studies ResearchGate

The Theory of the Modern Photographic Process Vernon Chalmers Photography

The History of Photography Vernon Chalmers Photography

The Impact and Influence of Photography Vernon Chalmers Photography

The Importance of Photography in Graphic Design Study.com

The Memory of Photography Taylor and Francis Online

The New Theory of Photography: Critical Examination and Responses ResearchGate

The Visual Vernacular: Embracing Photographs in Research Springer Link

Theoretical Perspectives on Photography as Research Academia

Theories of Photography: Representation, Communication, and Aesthetics Brooklyn Institute for Social Research

Understanding Aperture in Photography Vernon Chalmers Photography

What's So New about the “New” Theory of Photography? The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism

Theory of Photography

Images Source: Pixabay (Open Source)

It's Not About Likes, but Enjoying a Moment

Grey Heron Landing: Milnerton Lagoon / Woodbridge Island

Many of you may have seen this image of the Grey Heron landing (walking) quite a few times.

Over the course of 15 years he has accumulated more than a million Likes and many, many Comments from all over the connected world.

The (personal) contribution I want to make to the developing photographer is that it is not always about the Likes when making an image – it’s not about the stimulus and response in terms of take image (stimulus) and get rewarded via Likes (response) i.e. perceived beauty or quality of an image etc.

What matters is what happens in the moment you take the image, your own satisfaction (as an impermanent and special moment) captured with purpose with your camera / phone. The (existential) story that an image portray (and sharing) is in my opinion more important than the Likes. Although Likes are generous attempts to support your image-making – and I suppose most photographers will experience gratitude in receiving Likes and Comments. I’m not saying Likes / Comments are not required / or not necessary. What I am saying - is that Likes should not be the primary objective.

Also, the camera / lens you use is not always that important. The image of the grey heron was captured 15 years ago with an entry-level DSLR and a 1st generation 70-300mm lens. What counted in my favour was that I happened to look behind me and saw the bird. At that very moment I was only zoomed to 167mm, but I took the image. The image is not of any high resolution or quality, but it did not matter. I enjoyed the moment and after a few weeks published it online.

The response was overwhelming – what I enjoyed most was all the comments from all over the world. It’s still getting responses in Likes and Comments and I’m grateful for it. But it was not about chasing Likes, it was published as purpose for existential freedom (the bird) and impermanence of the frame (bird or you will be gone in a minute or so) with old-school authenticity of a minimalist approach of editing and change.

Bottom-line is that you do not have to own the latest gear to tell your story through image-making. It’s about your enjoyment, purpose and interconnectedness with light and nature to name a few soul-satisfying values when you're enjoying the moment(s).

Vernon Chalmers Conscious Intelligence Theory Index

© Vernon Chalmers Image and Content Copyright Vernon Chalmers Photography

Grey Heron Landing: Milnerton Lagoon / Woodbridge Island

A Symbolic Essay on Arrival, Solitude, and the Poetics of Place

There is a moment - quiet, deliberate, and almost imperceptible - when the grey heron descends toward the water. Its wings, wide and slow, carve the air with intention. Its gaze remains fixed, not on conquest, but on communion. This moment, suspended between flight and rest, becomes a metaphor for the human condition: the tension between movement and meaning, between searching and arriving.

At Milnerton Lagoon, where the Atlantic whispers against the shore and Woodbridge Island stands sentinel to both sea and suburb, the heron’s landing is not merely biological - it is existential. It is here, in this liminal space, that the heron becomes more than bird. It becomes symbol.

The Heron as Archetype

The grey heron, solitary and poised, evokes the archetype of the reflective wanderer. It does not flock, nor does it rush. Its presence is a study in patience, a living embodiment of mindfulness. In psychoeducational terms, the heron mirrors the individual in recovery - returning to the self after turbulence, choosing stillness over reaction, observation over impulse.

Its landing is not dramatic. It is precise. This precision speaks to the therapeutic act of grounding—of touching down into one’s body, one’s story, one’s truth. The heron does not land to escape the sky; it lands to engage the earth.

Lagoon as Mirror, Island as Boundary

Milnerton Lagoon, with its shifting tides and reflective surface, becomes a mirror to the psyche. It holds memory, distortion, and clarity in equal measure. The heron’s reflection - sometimes whole, sometimes fractured - reminds us that identity is fluid, shaped by light, angle, and depth.

Woodbridge Island, meanwhile, offers a paradox. It is connected yet apart. Accessible yet isolated. It becomes a metaphor for relational boundaries: the need to be near without being consumed, to be seen without being defined. The heron lands here not to claim territory, but to inhabit a threshold.

Symbolic Landing as Existential Arrival

To land is to arrive. But arrival, in existential terms, is not geographic—it is emotional, spiritual, and symbolic. The heron’s descent marks a transition: from doing to being, from flight to presence. It invites us to consider our own landings. Where do we touch down when we seek meaning? What surfaces do we trust to hold our weight?

In therapeutic practice, this motif can guide reflection. The heron becomes a prompt: What am I landing into? What am I leaving behind? What posture do I assume when I arrive? These questions, gentle yet profound, open pathways to healing.

Closing Reflection

Grey Heron Landing: Milnerton Lagoon / Woodbridge Island is not just a scene—it is a symbol. It is the choreography of solitude, the poetics of place, and the quiet triumph of arrival. For the photographer, it is a moment to capture. For the educator, a metaphor to teach. For the seeker, a mirror to gaze into.

And for all of us, it is a reminder: that even in flight, we are always approaching something. And when we land—if we land with grace—we become part of the landscape that holds us." (Microsoft Copilot)

What is Existential Photography?

Vernon Chalmers Existential Photography

Image: Grey Heron at Milnerton Lagoon / Woodbridge Island

Copyright: Vernon Chalmers Photography

Introduction to the Photography Exposure Triangle

Learning Photography Exposure (For Application in Canon P / Av / Tv / M Modes)

Achieving an "Ideal Exposure"

Canon EOS 70D / 300mm Lens at ISO 100 f/13 1/125s

Introduction to the Exposure Triangle

"The Exposure Triangle is a fundamental concept in photography that helps you achieve the correct exposure for your images. It consists of three key elements: aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. Understanding how these elements interact is crucial for capturing well-exposed photos.

1. Aperture

• Aperture refers to the size of the opening in your lens that allows light to enter. It’s measured in f-stops (e.g., f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6). A lower f-stop number means a wider aperture, which lets in more light and creates a shallow depth of field (blurry background). Conversely, a higher f-stop number means a narrower aperture, allowing less light and creating a deeper depth of field (more of the scene in focus) 1.

2. Shutter Speed

• Shutter speed is the length of time your camera’s shutter remains open to let light hit the sensor. It’s measured in seconds or fractions of a second (e.g., 1/1000s, 1/250s, 1s). A faster shutter speed freezes motion, while a slower shutter speed can create motion blur. Adjusting the shutter speed affects the amount of light that reaches the sensor 2.

3. ISO

• ISO measures the sensitivity of your camera’s sensor to light. A lower ISO value (e.g., 100) means less sensitivity and is ideal for bright conditions, while a higher ISO value (e.g., 1600) increases sensitivity and is useful in low-light situations. However, higher ISO settings can introduce noise (graininess) into your photos 2.

Balancing the Exposure Triangle

These three elements work together to control the exposure of your photo. If you change one element, you often need to adjust the others to maintain the correct exposure. For example, if you increase the aperture size (lower f-stop), you might need to use a faster shutter speed or lower ISO to avoid overexposure 3.

Understanding and mastering the exposure triangle allows you to creatively control the look and feel of your photos, whether you’re aiming for a sharp, well-lit image or a moody, low-light shot." (Source: Microsoft Copilot)


Exposure Triangle for Achieving an 'Ideal Exposure'

Exposure Triangle Model Compiled by Vernon Chalmers Photography

About the above Exposure Triangle:

ISO can be set in camera much higher than the indicated ISO 25400 - in fact it can be as high as ISO 102500 in some of the newer Canon EOS R cameras (if required). With a well-balanced overall exposure and modern sensor technologies this high ISO sensitivity is rarely required. Auto-ISO is also available as an option were the camera will decide the required ISO when the image is taken. This ISO will depending on various properties / variables: i.e. Aperture, Shutter Speed, available light, subject colour(s) and background colour(s) etc.  

Shutter Speed can be set much higher than the indicated 1/1000s. A Shutter Speed of 1/8000s is the norm / highest average speed for most enthusiast and professional Canon EOS / EOS R cameras - it will depend on the required speed for moving and other subject creativity.

Aperture is lens-specific. It will depend on the aperture range of a specific lens (the lens aperture opening measured in f/stop increments is set in camera, i.e. f/5.6). A specific lens aperture range will depend on the type of lens, available aperture range and lens focal length. General wide aperture lenses usually start at f/1.8 - which could be set to i.e. f/22 (depending on Depth of Field requirements). The aperture range will also depend if it is a fix or variable aperture lens (prime / zoom lens). Many prime (non-zoom) macro 100mm focal length lenses are f/2.8 on the 'wide-side', but can be adjusted across an aperture range from f/2.8 to i.e. f/22 ( depending on creative requirements).

When a camera is used in one of the Automatic Modes, the camera will assign the exposure; ISO, Shutter Speed and Aperture for each capture. In more advanced Creative Modes (i.e. Canon Av or Tv Modes) the photographer will have control over up to two of the three main exposure variables. In Manual Mode all three aperture variables are adjustable (to meet the creative needs of the photographer).

Learning Photography Exposure: ISO / Aperture / Shutter Speed
The objective of this article is to provide new photographers (irrespective of Canon EOS / EOS R / PowerShot camera) with an enhanced introduction to the Exposure Triangle and the inter-relationship between the three fundamental exposure elements:

• ISO
• Aperture
• Shutter Speed

Camera / Lens EXIF Data

EXIF Data is the identification and listing of an information tag and its value (available for DSLR / Compact / Smartphone cameras after taking the photo) - generally found on your LCD screen viewing image detail or when downloaded in i.e. Canon Digital Photo Professional (DPP), Adobe Lightroom (and other camera / editing software).

Introduction to the Exposure Triangle
Every photo taken with a DSLR / Compact / Smartphone camera will offer / use a variety of settings to expose an image as ideally as possible to the photographer’s vision and planning. 

Exposure Process
Exposure is a photographic process of light reflecting off a subject through the camera lens onto the camera's image sensor for a specific period of time. The relationship between ISO, Aperture and Shutter Speed settings will determine the final exposure of light (for each image) captured by the camera's image sensor - and will represent a given Exposure Value (EV).

Relationship between ISO, Aperture and Shutter speed
In understanding ISO, Aperture and Shutter Speed it’s important to note that all three are present in every photo you capture with your camera. The degree in which they are applied will depend on various camera and / or lens settings and lighting conditions. The main camera control over the inter-relationship between the three will be decided by the photographer in selecting the most appropriate shooting mode (in Auto Mode the camera will select the exposure settings, with limited other manual / photographic control).

Aperture demonstration for new photographers View

In most cameras today you will not find ISO / Aperture / Shutter Speed settings on the main mode dial of the camera, but either as separate switchgear or tucked inside the menu system – to be used with other settings (when selecting your shooting mode (Auto / P / Av / Tv / M Mode).

Auto-ISO is also an option that many new and experienced photographers are using.

Photographic Genres and the Exposure Triangle
As we developed as photographers we learn how to properly set the exposure for different genres. With Birds in Flight (action) a fast enough shutter speed will be a priority, for a distant landscape the attention / focus will be on a smaller aperture / f/stop. In long exposure / night photography we would like to keep the ISO as low as possible to minimize noise, but may opt for a 30 seconds or longer expose (ito of shutter speed). At all times all three settings of the Exposure Triangle will be configured to assist the photographer with the type of exposure required.

Camera Shooting Modes
In Automatic Mode the camera will decide the exposure settings for the photographer, in the Semi-Automatic Modes (Av / Tv) the camera will decide at least one exposure setting and in Manual Mode the photographer could take full control of all three exposure settings - many photographers who prefer Manual Mode may leave the ISO on Automatic and only set the aperture and the shutter speed.

P Mode: Canon PowerShot SX40 HS f/5.6 ISO 100

All DSLR cameras and the more advanced compact cameras will have at least the following shooting modes in which the ISO / Aperture / Shutter Speed exposure setting will be automatically / manually controlled by camera and / or the photographer.

Auto Mode
In Automatic Mode the camera will decide the best exposure and the photographer will have no control over any ISO / Aperture / Shutter Speed settings. Best use: when new to photography and / or uncertain about setting in changing light conditions.

Program (P) Mode
In P Mode the camera will control Aperture and Shutter Speed with the photographer full control over ISO settings.

Best use: when new to photography, shooting in changing conditions, but have control over ISO settings. Program (P) Mode demonstration Canon PowerShot SX40 HS

Aperture Priority (Av) Mode
In Av mode the camera will control Shutter Speed with the photographer full control over Aperture and ISO settings.

Best use: when controlling aperture settings for Depth Of Field (DOF) application in ie. macro / landscape / portraiture / street photography. seascapes / Table Mountain photography Canon EOS 6D / Canon EOS 700D DSLR

Shutter Priority (Tv) Mode
In Tv mode the camera will control Aperture with the photographer in full control of Shutter Speed and ISO settings.

Best use: when controlling shutter speed for subjects in motion or to freeze motion of birds, people and other objects. Motor Sport / Action photography Canon EOS 70D DSLR.

Manual (M) Mode
In M mode the photographer will have full control over ISO, Aperture and Shutter Speed settings.

Best use: when the photographer requires full manual control over all three settings in specific environments in ie. studio, changing light or other challenging conditions. Birds In Flight photography Canon EOS 7D Mark II

More about the Photography Exposure Triangle

"The photography exposure triangle is a fundamental concept that explains the relationship between three critical elements in photography: aperture, shutter speed, and ISO (International Standards Organization). These three components collectively determine the exposure, brightness, and overall look of a photograph.

1. Aperture: This refers to the size of the opening in the lens when a picture is taken. It's measured in f-stops (e.g., f/2.8, f/5.6, etc.). A lower f-stop number means a larger aperture, allowing more light to reach the camera sensor. Aperture not only controls the amount of light but also affects depth of field. A wider aperture (smaller f-stop number) results in a shallower depth of field, making the background more blurred, ideal for portraits. A narrower aperture (larger f-stop number) increases depth of field, keeping more of the image in focus, commonly used in landscape photography.

2. Shutter Speed: This determines the length of time the camera's shutter remains open to let light in. Shutter speed is measured in seconds or fractions of a second (e.g., 1/1000, 1/250, 1", etc.). A faster shutter speed (1/500 or higher) freezes motion, suitable for sports or fast-moving subjects. Conversely, a slower shutter speed (1/30 or slower) allows more light and creates motion blur, ideal for artistic shots of moving objects or low-light conditions.

3. ISO: This represents the sensor's sensitivity to light. A lower ISO number (e.g., ISO 100) means the sensor is less sensitive to light but produces finer grain in the image. Higher ISO settings (e.g., ISO 800, ISO 1600, etc.) make the sensor more light-sensitive but might introduce more digital noise or grain in the image. It's crucial to balance the ISO setting based on the available light conditions.

The exposure triangle involves a delicate balance between these three elements. Adjusting one parameter affects the others and the overall exposure of the image. For instance, if you increase the aperture size (wider opening), you may need to compensate by either increasing the shutter speed or lowering the ISO to maintain a balanced exposure.

Mastering the exposure triangle is crucial in photography as it allows photographers to achieve the desired creative effect and properly expose their images in various lighting conditions. Understanding how these settings interact enables photographers to make informed decisions to capture the perfect shot." (Source: Chat GPT 2023)

Example Image: Inter-relationship of ISO, Aperture and Shutter Speed

Image 1 : Canon EOS 7D Mark II / 400mm lens Av Mode f/5.6

More of this Shoot World of Birds Hout Bay Cape Town

Shooting Mode / Settings:

• Av Mode(Aperture Priority) with the following EXIF data:
• ISO 640 – (Auto-ISO - controlled by Camera
• f/5.6 - (aperture – controlled by photographer)
• 1/90s - (shutter speed – controlled by camera)

Interpretation and interaction of these exposure EXIF data readings:

Night Photography in P Mode: EOS 700D / 10-18mm Lens IS0 800 f/4.5

ISO
ISO is the abbreviation for International Standards Organisation and an indicator of the sensitivity of light entering the lens onto the sensor. Its measured in values of ISO 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400 and 12 800. Most cameras will also have an option for Auto-ISO. More advanced / professional digital cameras could have and ISO of up to ISO 51200+ (ie. Canon EOS 1D X). Most cameras including compact cameras will give an ISO range of 100 – 6400+ which is suitable for most lighting conditions.

ISO 100 is generally the setting used for outside / bright light photography and will be set higher as outside natural light or internal artificial light deteriorates. Not uncommon to set ISO 400 for indoor lighting and up to ISO 1600 for outside / low light photography. These various ISO settings are available for the photographer to adjus for low light photography – even to leave the camera on Auto-ISO (for changing daylight / overcast conditions). It is recommended to experiment with ISO 400 - 1600 for after dark / night photography. When doing long exposures (slow shutter speeds) it is recommended to use ISO 100 - 400. Higher ISO demonstration Canon EOS 700D DSLR

Recommended ISO settings:

• ISO 100 or 200 for sunny and bright daylight
• ISO 400 ISO for cloudy days, or indoors
• ISO 800 for indoors (without a flash)
• ISO 1600+ for very low light situations

Disadvantages of high ISO settings:

• More noise visible in the image the higher the ISO value
• Higher ISO’s affects slower shutter speeds (for possible camera shake if handheld)

Image 2 - Canon EOS 700F - Av Mode: f/5.6 ISO 400 1/90s

Aperture
Aperture is the size of the space in which light enters the lens / camera. It is measured in f/stops - a fractional formula used for allowing a certain amount of light in - ie. f/5.6 or f/11 which is controlled by the photographer via a variety of ways ie. manually doing it in Av or Manual mode on the camera body). In Auto or P mode (and Tv Mode) the camera will decide the aperture for you). Aperture is (also) used to control Depth Of Field DOF). DOF / close-up photography in Av mode

Aperture values

f/1.8 f/2.8 f/4 f5.6 f/8 f/16 f/19 f/22 f/32 (This is lens dependent on a DSLR camera system, but in most cameras the setting will be on camera body).

Image 2 EXIF Data:

• Av Mode
• ISO 400 (low light)
• f/5.6 (wide aperture for shallow Depth-Of-Field)
• Shutter Sped 1/90 seconds

Deep vs; Shallow Depth-Of-Field (DOF)
With a deep DOF more of the entire image will be in focus and its more likely to be used in Landscape Photography with smaller apertures of ie. f/11 – f/16. With shallow DOF certain areas of an image is deliberately out of focus and be used in a variety of genres (Wildlife / Sport / Macro / Portraits) where the photographer deliberately wants to separate the main subject from thebackground - for this effect, larger apertures will be applied ie. f/1.4 - f/8 (see below image)

Lens Apertures f/2 - f/22

Aperture Demo: Canon EOS 6D / EF 85mm f/1.8 USM Lens f/1.8 - f/22 View

Lens apertures In DSLR / mirrorless photography different lenses are used to create / select different levels of DOF depending on the lens aperture range, optical length of the lens and distance from subject. Different lenses / aperture settings will be applied for different type of photography genres requiring blur effects at various focal lengths ie. for close-up / macro, portraiture or wildlife photography. A DSLR camera system is not necessarily required for creating deliberate image blur, a compact camera with a wide aperture lens with some optical zoom will also work to some extent.

See Aperture / DOF Demonstration Aperture / DOF Demo

Aperture is used to control the exposure of a deep or a shallow Depth Of field (DOF) for a specific composition. A smaller f/number allows more light into the camera via the lens ie. f/2.8-f/5.6 and will create a shallow DOF for a close-up subject against a background (isolating a flower from its surroundings). See article Digital Noise vs Blur

Image 3: Canon EOS 7D Mark II : 1/3200s Manual Mode

Shutter Speed

Shutter speed is the length of time the camera's shutter is open (and closing) allowing light onto the sensor for a given time period. Shutter speed is always measured in time. Measured in fractions of a second ie.1/125 seconds, but can extend past 30 seconds up to hours. Most digital cameras will have a default range from 1/4000 – 30 seconds. But can be faster up to 1/8000 depending on the DSLR model.

Slow shutter speed
Refer to the article ‘Long Exposures / Night Photography Setup & Tips
(Using Av mode) long exposure demo for specific examples to learn more about specific shutter speeds.

Fast shutter speed
To freeze motion photographers use fast shutter speeds to ie freeze the wings
of a bird in motion. See Image 3 for the example in which I captured the Bird In Flight (Image 3) at a shutter speed of 1/3200 seconds using Manual Mode: f/6.3 ISO 500 (Auto- ISO).

Suggested Shutter Speeds

To Capture Motion

• Birds in Flight 1/1000s - 1/4000s
• Moving water / waterfalls 4+ seconds
• Fireworks 4+ seconds
• Moving car at night 8+ seconds
• Night photography 1+ seconds
• To Freeze ActionBirds in flight 1/1000s
• Moving water / waterfalls1/1000s
• Cars / motorcycles 1/1000s
• Sporting event 1/500 –1/2000s

Canon EOS 700D / 100mm Macro Lens f/11 ISO 200 1/125s

Conclusion

The ‘Exposure Triangle’ settings will be available before every photograph is captured. For the new photographer Auto-mode and / or semi-auto modes such as P / Av / Tv modes will provide assistance in getting the best exposure for a given shooting environment.

New photographers should be in no rush to ‘have to’ understand all exposure settings and shootings modes as soon as possible. Learning about them is important, but more important is getting comfortable with your camera, menu settings and your compositions.

Photography is a visually inspiring journey that if allowed, will not just develop camera / photographic skills or exploring different environments, but contribute to an overall mindfulness and satisfaction of great image capturing (and sharing).

Canon Camera Equipment Used (for example images)

• Canon EOS 6D DSLR Camera body
• Canon EOS 7D Mark II Camera body
• Canon EOS 70D DSLR Camera body
• Canon EOS 700D DSLR Camera body
• Canon EF-S 10-18mm f/4.5-5.6 IS STM lens
• Canon EF-S 18-135mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM lens
• Canon EF-S 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS II lens
• Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 STM lens
• Canon EF 70-300mm f/4-5.6 IS USM lens
• Canon EF 24-70mm f4L IS USM lens
• Canon EF 70-300mm f/4-5.6L IS USM lens
• Canon EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro USM lens
• Canon EF 400mm f/5.6L USM Telephoto / Prime lens
• Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5 - 5.6L IS II USM Zoom lens
• Canon Speedlite 430EX II external hotshoe flash

Cape Town Shooting Locations

• Birds in Flight: Woodbridge Island Cape Town
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The Theory of Photography

Canon EOS 70D / EF 85mm f/1.8 USM Lens f/4 ISO 1600

Canon EOS 6D / 70-300mm Lens Av Mode: ISO 320 f/10 1/320s

Canon EOS 70D / 400mm Lens Manual Mode: ISO 320 f/6.3 1/2000s

Canon EOS 6D / 24-70mm Lens Av Mode: ISO 100 f/16 15s

Fireworks Photography Canon EOS 700D ISO 100 f/11 8s

Canon EOS 70D / 100mm Macro Lens f/2.8 ISO 5000 1/110s

Canon EOS 70D / EF 70-300mm f/4-5.6L IS USM Lens f/11 1/160s

Canon Long Exposure / Night Photography Setup & Tips

The Canon EOS R10 Mark II / Rumors Release Date

Anticipated Canon EOS R10 Mark II Release Information

Summary

As of early September 2025, Canon has not officially announced an EOS R10 Mark II. Multiple reputable rumor sites and registration trackers show Canon activity in the APS-C space and suggest the R10 II is expected as a creator-focused, entry/enthusiast APS-C upgrade — but Canon’s APS-C roadmap has been reshuffled and the R10 Mark II looks delayed, with the likeliest arrival window shifting to late 2025 — early 2026. (Daily Camera News, CanonWatch)

Why the Canon EOS R10 Mark II Matters

The original Canon EOS R10 landed as a very successful APS-C, entry/enthusiast body: compact, fast burst speeds, modern AF, and a price point aimed at vloggers and enthusiast photographers. In 2025, the broader mirrorless market has pushed even budget APS-C models to include stronger video features, better AF, and vlogger-friendly designs. An R10 Mark II therefore matters because Canon can use it to solidify its mid-to-entry APS-C lineup against strong competition from Sony, Nikon and Fujifilm — especially for creators who want advanced video features without full-frame cost or size. This market context is the reason rumor sites keep the R10 II on their watchlists. (TechRadar)

Current official status (what’s confirmed)

Canon has made no official media announcement for an R10 Mark II model as of this writing; no Canon newsroom press release, product page, or official spec sheet exists. The only official signposts from Canon are the continuing sales of the original R10 and occasional promotional offers for the model. In short: everything you read about the R10 II right now is rumor/analysis unless Canon posts a newsroom entry. (Check Canon’s press pages or authorized dealer listings for the first solid confirmation.) (Canon U.S.A., mycanon.usa.canon.com)

The Strongest Signals: Registrations and Rumor Consensus

There are two kinds of early, credible tells that typically predict new Canon bodies:

• Regulatory / wireless registrations (model codes filed in Asia and elsewhere). In July 2025 Canon showed up in registration databases with a camera code DS126936 — observers flagged this as an APS-C or entry model registration and debated which body it represents (some pointed at R6 Mark III/R7 II possibilities, others at R10 II-related kit). Registration itself doesn’t prove a product, but it’s a trusted early signal that Canon is testing or prepping hardware. (The New Camera, Photo Rumors)

• Rumor-site consensus and roadmap chatter. Canon-centric rumor outlets such as CanonRumors, CanonWatch and DailyCameraNews have repeatedly noted that Canon’s APS-C refresh cycle for 2025–2026 included the R7 II and R10 II in their internal roadmaps — but that Canon has delayed or rescheduled some announcements due to strategic calendar choices. Those outlets are the primary source aggregators for dealer leaks, supply-chain chatter, and one-off images. (Canon Rumors, CanonWatch, Daily Camera News)

So: registration + repeated rumor threads = medium-to-strong probability Canon will release an R10 II at some point — but not yet a firm release date. (Photo Rumors, CanonWatch)

What the Rumor Mill says the R10 II will Focus On (Features and Positioning)

Across reputable rumor outlets, the recurring theme is that the R10 Mark II will be creator-friendly while staying budget/enthusiast centric. The key rumored focus-areas:

• Video improvements for creators — oversampled 4K/60p (ideally without heavy crop), easy USB livestreaming, and improved subject/face detection for video. These upgrades directly answer the needs of vloggers and livestreamers. Several rumor posts specifically flag enhanced video as a primary reason Canon would update the R10. (Daily Camera News, CanonWatch)

• Flippy/fully articulating touchscreen — a logical, widely expected design decision to compete with other vlogger-centric cameras in the price bracket. Flippy screens are one of the most requested upgrades from R10 owners and appear frequently in leak discussions. (Daily Camera News)

• Updated sensor / processing — improvement in low-light performance (and possibly resolution tweaks). Some rumor threads speculate the R10 II could borrow an improved APS-C sensor variant Canon has used elsewhere (for example, derived tech from the R50/R50V line). However, higher-resolution claims (e.g., a leap to ~32 MP) are not strongly corroborated and remain speculative. (Daily Camera News, CanonWatch)

• AF refinements — better subject tracking, likely leveraging Canon’s incremental AF model improvements rolled into 2024–2025 bodies. Expect Dual Pixel AF iterations tuned for video and people/animal tracking. (Canon Rumors)

In short: Canon appears to be targeting creators who want compact, easy, and strong video features at an affordable price point. (Daily Camera News)

Specific Rumored specs (Graded by Plausibility)

Rumor reporting is noisy; here I group claims by how plausible and how often they recur.

High-plausibility (repeated across sources)

• Flippy (fully articulating) touchscreen. (Daily Camera News)

• Stronger video feature set: 4K/60p oversampling or improved 4K implementation and USB livestream support. (Daily Camera News, CanonWatch)

• AF software refinements and better subject detection algorithms. (Canon Rumors)
  
  

Medium-plausibility

• Sensor tweaks that improve low-light performance; likely based on incremental upgrades rather than a ground-up sensor redesign. Many rumor writers expect Canon to reuse or slightly update existing APS-C sensor designs to keep costs down. (CanonWatch)

Low-plausibility / Single-source

• Major resolution jump (e.g., 32MP+). This appears occasionally in forum chatter and YouTube speculation but lacks corroboration from registration or trusted leakers. Treat large sensor-resolution claims skeptically unless multiple independent sources confirm. (YouTube, Reddit)Release Timing: Why it’s Fuzzy

Multiple rumor outlets have reported Canon has reshuffled its product calendar for 2025; that reshuffle is the main reason the R10 II’s timing is uncertain. Several factors contribute:

• Canon’s 2025 announcements included a number of bodies and lenses (R50 V, RF-S lenses, RF 20mm f/1.4L VCM), and Canon appears to be staggering later bodies to avoid overlap or to align with trade shows (like IBC in September 2025). (CanonWatch, The New Camera)

• Supply chain and market timing: Canon may prefer to group APS-C announcements (R7 II, R10 II, and RF-S lenses) together when inventory, marketing, and distribution are aligned. Rumor sites suggest this could push R10 II into late 2025 – early 2026. (Daily Camera News, CanonWatch)

• Registration/DB signals (DS126936) show Canon is testing hardware in 2025, but registration dates don’t map cleanly to public announcement dates — sometimes months separate them. So the presence of DS126936 indicates activity but not a guaranteed immediate launch. (The New Camera, Photo Rumors)

Short-Term Windows to Watch

• Late Q4 2025 — a safe rumor window if Canon wants holiday sales traction and to pair with RF-S lens shipments.

• Early 2026 — another possibility if Canon delays to avoid late-2025 oversaturation or to solve final firmware/thermal issues.

Bottom line: expect a launch at some point in the next 6–12 months, not a next-week surprise. (Daily Camera News, CanonWatch)

Price Expectations and Kit Strategy

Because the R10 Mark II is positioned as a creator/enthusiast APS-C model, rumor analysis generally assumes Canon will keep it affordable — meaning it will likely be priced modestly above the outgoing R10 (depending on kit inclusions). Historically Canon prices entry refreshes to be competitive in the sub-$1,000–$1,500 bracket with kit lenses, and rumor commentary reflects this conservative positioning (no reliable price leaks have surfaced). Expect Canon to lean on attractive kit bundles (small RF-S lenses) to move units. (CanonWatch)

Practical Buying Advice (For Different User Types)

• You own an R10 and it works for you: Wait if video and livestreaming are critical and you can tolerate a short delay — the Mark II looks aimed at creators. If your needs are met now, there is no emergency to upgrade. (Daily Camera News)

• You’re choosing a first mirrorless camera and need something now: The R10 remains an excellent value — buy it if the features fit your workflow. New models often take months to ship after announcement; buying an R10 now keeps you shooting. (Canon U.S.A.)

• You primarily want the latest video features: If those features (e.g., clean oversampled 4K/60p and USB livestreaming) are essential, then waiting for the Mark II could be wise — but also keep an eye on third-party firmware hacks and accessories that improve live workflows today. (Daily Camera News)

How to Spot Real Leaks vs Noise

When tracking the R10 II, treat these as high-value signals:

• Model registration postings from official regional certification authorities (wireless/battery/telecom) — these are reliable early signals. (Example: DS126936 registration coverage.) (The New Camera, Photo Rumors)

• Retailer product pages that accidentally go live — genuine retailer SKU pages sometimes leak exact SKUs and pricing ahead of official announcements. Verify via Wayback/URL timestamps. (Canon U.S.A.)

• Consistent, independent leaks—if multiple independent sources share the same spec or sample photo, credibility rises.

• Official Canon teasers — Canon often teases categories (e.g., “new EOS R announcements in September”) that you can cross-check with Canon’s press calendar or IBC timing. (The New Camera)
  

Avoid trusting:

One-off YouTube videos or social posts claiming “full specs” without sources. These often mix rumor with conjecture. (YouTube)

What to Watch Next

• Canon registration databases — monitor for additional model codes or DS126936 followups. (The New Camera, Photo Rumors)

• CanonRumors / CanonWatch / PhotoRumors / DailyCameraNews — these three/ four outlets aggregate dealer chatter and often add context quickly. (Canon Rumors, CanonWatch)

• Retailer SKUs and Amazon / Canon store pages — early product pages often leak specs or ship dates. (Canon U.S.A.)

• Trade show calendars — IBC and other late-summer events where Canon sometimes times product reveals. (The New Camera)

Likely Scenarios on Announcement Day

• Scenario A — R10 II announced alongside RF-S lenses (late 2025): Canon aims to refresh APS-C ecosystem; expect kit bundles, a marketing focus on creators, and immediate preorders. Good for buyers waiting for a full package. (CanonWatch)

• Scenario B — R10 II announced alone (early 2026): Canon sequences product messaging; expect a more measured shipping window and possibly staggered regional availability. Could indicate Canon needed more testing/time. (Daily Camera News)

• Scenario C — No R10 II in 2025; R7 II and other bodies prioritized: The R10 II gets pushed to mid-2026; owners of the original R10 might see bigger discounts or bundle offers while Canon transitions. This is plausible given the rumor sites’ talk of roadmap reshuffles. (Daily Camera News)

Bottom Line

• The R10 Mark II is likely coming, but Canon has shifted the timing of APS-C announcements and the R10 II appears to be delayed into a late-2025 / early-2026 window. The main upgraded focus will be creator/video features (4K/60p behaviour, USB livestreaming) and a flippy screen, with incremental sensor/AF improvements rather than radical leaps. If you don’t need the absolute latest video bells right this minute, the original R10 is still a powerful, compact option. If you’re a creator who needs the specific rumored features, plan to monitor Canon-centric rumor trackers and registration databases over the coming months. (Daily Camera News, CanonWatch)" 

Sources and Further Reading

• DailyCameraNews — “Canon Announcement Delays: EOS R6 Mark III, R7 Mark II & R10 Mark II.” (Daily Camera News)

• CanonWatch — “Latest Canon Rumors Roundup (R6 III, R7 II, R10 II, lenses).” (CanonWatch)

• CanonRumors — rumors roundup and registration chatter. (Canon Rumors)

• TheNewCamera — registration and expected windows (DS126936 commentary). (The New Camera)

• PhotoRumors — DS126936 registration note and analysis. (Photo Rumors)

Article Source: ChatGPT 2025

Image: Canon USA

Canon Rumours Disclaimer